Studies in animals are helping reveal how the microbes that live in our guts can affect our emotions.
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The brain’s astonishing complexity has been appreciated for over 100 years, when pioneers first looked at the profusion of branching structures that connect individual nerve cells under a microscope.
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Fear and anxiety are often described as primal responses to danger, with their emotional and physiological components triggered by a single fear circuit in the brain.
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Children born to older fathers have a higher risk of developing mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Now, a new study suggests that age-related genetic mutations accumulated in the fathers’ genomes are unlikely to explain much of this increased risk.
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In people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), fear-associated brain circuits overreact to cues that are similar to—but not the same as—features of a past traumatic experience.
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